PhD defence L.M. (Martine) Bek

Below is a brief summary of the dissertation: 

This thesis evaluates the long-term health outcomes and aftercare pathways for patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 within the Dutch healthcare system. The study found that many patients continue to experience significant health problems, such as fatigue, neurocognitive deficits, and dyspnea up to 3 years after discharge. Most patients reported incomplete recovery, facing challenges in returning to work and experiencing diminished health-related quality of life. Predictors of long-term health problems included female sex and pre-existing pulmonary or cardiovascular conditions. Although physical health improved over time for many, patients who required intensive care showed slower recovery in areas such as mental health, cognitive function, and work reintegration. A notable finding was the emergence of post-exertional malaise (PEM) in a subset of patients, with many reporting a worsening of symptoms and persistent health problems. This suggests that PEM could be indicative of a more severe long COVID phenotype, highlighting the need for further research and targeted management strategies in future rehabilitation programs.

The thesis also highlights the challenges in establishing effective post-hospital care pathways. Healthcare professionals reported difficulties in adapting to evolving guidelines and emphasized the need for multidisciplinary treatment, clearer follow-up procedures, and a well-coordinated healthcare workforce. These insights are crucial for improving long-term care for COVID-19 survivors and ensuring better preparedness for future pandemics. The findings underscore the importance of a patient-centered, multidisciplinary strategy that effectively meets the diverse needs of long COVID patients.